1. Concerning the history of anaesthesia:
a) Thomas Morton gave the first public demonstration of ether
b) Nieman was the first to isolate cocaine
c) Waters was the first anaesthetist to use halothane
d) Humphrey Davey isolated oxygen
e) Snow gave ether to Queen Victoria
2. Metabolic alkalosis with hypokalaemia is caused by:
a) frusemide
b) Cushing's syndrome
c) Addison's disease
d) vomiting
3. Digoxin toxicity may cause:
a) supraventricular tachycardia
b) ventricular ectopics
c) liver damage
d) atrioventricular block
e) jaundice
4. In a circle anaesthetic system:
a) the soda lime canister should be tightly packed to reduce gas channeling between large gaps
b) if a vaporiser is put in the circle, it should have unidirectional valves to prevent backward flow
c) the volume of the reservoir bag is 2 litres for an adult
d) the adjustable pressure-limiting valve should be between the expiratory limb and the soda lime canister
e) there is increased risk of disconnection
5. Signs of fat embolism include:
a) pyrexia
b) bradycardia
c) petechial rash
d) bronchospasm
e) mental changes
6. The following can act by competitive antagonism:
a) naltrexone
b) nalorphine
c) neostigmine
d) flumazenil
e) nalbuphine
7. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the following are indicated:
a) lidocaine as first pharmacological therapy for ventricular fibrillation
b) for ventricular fibrillation, DC shock should start at 50 joules
c) calcium should not be given intravenously to a patient having haemodialysis
d) bicarbonate should be given every 10 minutes
e) adrenaline should be given in a dose of 0.5 mg via the endotracheal tube
8. Regarding damage to the vestibular apparatus caused by gentamicin:
a) it is irreversible
b) it does not occur with oral gentamicin
c) calorie testing is normal
9. The laryngeal mask may be useful for:
a) ventilation
b) resuscitation
c) intermittent positive pressure ventilation
d) microlaryngoscopy
e) ophthalmic anaesthesia
10. During a long operation, reliable monitors of core temperature include:
a) temperature probe at the tympanic membrane
b) temperature probe in the rectum
c) quadriceps muscle temperature
d) temperature probe in the nasopharynx
e) temperature probe in the oesophagus at the level of the cricoid
11. Vitamin B12 injections are appropriate for anaemia in:
a) vegans
b) Crohn's disease
c) phenytoin therapy
d) alcoholism
e) post-gastrectomy
12. Following head injury, signs which suggest the need for urgent craniotomy include:
a) reduced conscious level
b) dilated pupil
c) hypotension
d) convulsions
e) cerebrospianl fluid rhinorrhea (persistent)
f) depressed # skull
13. A patient with paraplegia of recent onset with injury at T4 may have:
a) hypotension on intermittent positive pressure ventilation
b) adductor spasm
c) bradycardia
d) hypothermia
e) urinary retention
14. Side-effects of hiatus hernia are:
a) iron deficiency anaemia
b) aspiration
c) oesophageal stricture
d) Mallory-Weiss tear
e) gastric carcinoma
15. A large atrioventricular shunt causes:
a) increased cardiac output
b) increased total systemic vascular resistance
c) cold extremities
d) tachycardia
e) heart failure
16. Sympathectomy may be used in the treatment of:
a) Renaud's disesase
b) causalgia
c) hyperhydrosis
d) venous ulcers
e) pain of intermittent claudication
17. Methods of anaesthetising the larynx include:
a) topical anaesthesia to the cords
b) anaesthesia of the superior laryngeal nerve through the thyrohyoid membrane
c) local anaesthesia injected through the cricothyroid membrane
d) local anaesthesia applied to the pyriform fossa
e) recurrent laryngeal nerve block
18. Breathing 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen for 3 days causes:
a) megaloblasts in bone marrow
b) megaloblastic anaemia
c) peripheral neuropathy
d) inhibition of vitamin B12
e) reduced number of lymphocytes
19. Cyanosis at birth occurs in:
a) Fallot's tetralogy
b) transposition of the great vessels
c) pulmonary stenosis (isolated)
d) patent ductus arteriosus
e) ventricular septal defect
20. In aortic regurgition:
a) there is a pressure gradient across the valve
b) angina is only a feature if it is associated with ischaemic heart disease
c) the murmur is best heard at the apex, with the patient leaning to the left
d) pistol shots may be heard over the femoral arteries
21. Methods of rapidly lowering serum potassium include:
a) glucose and insulin
b) calcium gluconate
c) frusemide
d) bicarbonate
e) calcium resonium resin
22. A man collapses 72 hours after a total gastrectomy. The following measurements are made:
Temperature, 39 degrees C
Blood pressure, 80/30 mmHg
Pulse, 110 bpm
Central venous pressure, +2 mmHg
The diagnoses may include:
a) septicaemia
b) myocardial infarction
c) atelectasis
d) breakdown of anastomosis
e) haemorrhage
f) tamponade
23. Concerning streptokinase:
a) it should not be repeated within 3 months
b) it should not be given within 24 hours of an operation
c) it is a tissue plasminogen activator
d) it has been shown to be the most clinically useful thrombolytic agent
24. Regarding reading blood pressure by an automatic non-invasive method:
a) it may over-read at high pressures
b) it may over-read at low pressures
c) it is affected by arrhythmias
d) it may cause ulnar nerve damage
e) the width of the cuff should be half the circumference of the arm
25. Treatment of overdose with amitriptyline may include:
a) beta-blockade
b) digitalisaion
c) isoprenaline infusion
d) atropine
26. Penicillins:
a) are all inactivated by penicillinase
b) are bacteriostatic
c) at on cell wall synthesis
27. The following may attenuate the pressor response to intubation:
a) enalapril
b) intravenous lidocaine
c) topical lidocaine to the cords
d) a large dose of induction agent
e) beta-blockade
28. The following cross the first rib:
a) the vagus nerve
b) the subclavian artery
c) the supratentorial membrane
d) the T1 nerve root
e) the sympathetic chain
29. Concerning an interscalene approach to the brachial plexus block:
a) it is at C6
b) the interscalene groove is accentuated by taking a deep breath
c) pneumothorax is rare
d) a total spinal may result
30. Midazolam is:
a) metabolised to active metabolites
b) acetylated in the liver
c) antagonised by flumazenil
d) able to produce anterograde amnesia
e) water soluble
31. Concerning coagulation:
a) continued bleeding from a venepuncture site suggests haemophilia
b) in von Willebrand's disease, the platelet count is normal
c) prothrombin time is normal in factor 5 deficiency
d) prothrombin time is normal in factor 8 deficiency
e) The reptilase time is abnormal if a patient is heparinised
32. Concerning stellate ganglion block:
a) oesophageal perforation may occur
b) diaphragmatic paralysis may result
c) Horner's syndrome is essential for a successful block
d) a successful block abolishes a change in skin resistance on stimulation
e) a vasovagal reaction can occur while performing it
33. The following must be blocked for mid-thigh amputation:
a) femoral nerve
b) lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
c) oburator nerve
d) sciatic nerve
e) genitofemoral nerve
f) both femoral and sciatic nerves
g) post-cutaneous nerve
34. Concerning pressure cycled ventilators:
a) end-inspiratory pressure is determined by the patient's compliance
b) they are usually cycled from inspiration to expiration by time
c) they may be cycled from expiration to inspiration by time
d) they are more useful for patients with airways obstruction if operated at low flows
e) they are minute volume dividers
35. Concerning airway pressures:
a) peak and plateau pressures increase in patients with pneumothorax
b) they are high in obstructive airways disease
36. In the elderly:
a) chest wall compliance is decreased
b) vital capacity is decreased by 20 ml each year
c) closing volume is less than functional residual capacity
d) PaO2 is lower than in the young
e) in a 70-year-old, the alveolar/arterial oxygen difference is about 2.7 kPa
37. In a patient of 2 years old:
a) fluid replacement is 100 ml/kg/day
b) lung compliance is lower than in an adult
c) the narrowest point of the airway is the cricoid cartilage
d) blood volume is 50 ml/kg
38. A solitary nodule in the thyroid may be:
a) a thyroglossal cyst
b) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
c) the larges nodule of a multinodular goitre
d) a physiological goitre
e) a colloid goitre
39. The following may be useful indications in posterior fossa surgery:
a) a change in respiratory rate
b) arrhythmias
c) hypertension
d) delta waves on the EEG
e) a mill-wheel murmur
40. Desmopressin acetate may be:
a) useful for bleeding post-cardiopulmonary bypass
b) used to treat diabetes insipidus
c) used in primary noctural enuresis
d) used to treat bleeding peptic ulcers
ANSWERS
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ArticleDate:20060402
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