Primary Viva 10 (Physiology)

Part I

1. What are the causes of tissue hypoxia?
2. How would you calculate the dissolved oxygen content of the blood?
3. What is the significance of mixed venous saturation?
– What mixed venous saturations would be found in different types of hypoxia?
4. Draw an oxygen dissociation curve and mark the points of interest (use kPa units)

Part II

Describe the differences between neonatal and adult physiology, in terms of the following parameters:

1. The cardiovascular system, including heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Why is there a difference in SVR?
2. The respiratory system, including functional residual capacity and closing volume.
 – Why do neonates have a high respiratory rate?
3. Metabolic rate and oxygen consumption
4. The liver and renal systems
–At what stage, approximately, do these systems in neonates approach adult levels?
5. The musculoskeletal system
 – Why do neonates fatigue easily

Part III

1. Describe the location and function of the vasomotor centre, including discussion on the afferent and efferent nerves.
2. Describe the location, function and nerve supply of the carotid and aortic sinuses.
3. Describe the location and function of the low-pressure baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system.
4. Discuss the hormonal control of blood pressure, including the mechanism of action and function of the angiotensin system and atrionatriuretic peptide.